Njengohlobo lwe-noodles, i-noodles entsha nemvula ineempawu zombala omtsha kwaye uthambile, incasa egudileyo, i-elaistity, i-elaistity, incasa yenzuzo nezempilo, kwaye ilungele ukutya okucocekileyo kunye nokutya okunempilo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-noodles eyomileyo, i-noodles entsha nemvula ineengenelo zokutsha, incasa elungileyo, kunye neendleko zemveliso eziphantsi [1]. Baye bathandwa ngabantu ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye iintlobo zabo zohlobo zabo zininzi ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokulungisa lencasa kwaye incasa ye-noodle yendabuko ifutshane kakhulu. Ungayiphucula njani i-noodles emitsha engaphantsi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubomi beshelup kusesicelomngeni.
Iziphumo zeTekhnoloji yokuqhutywa kwe-timaiciation ye-noodles emitsha
Itekhnoloji yendabuko yemveli ye-noodles ezimanzi ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukuphindeka komhlaba obanzi kunye nokuxutywa kwe-Dougiling, i-Caleing eqhubekayo, i-sterning), ukucheba i-roudity, i-2] kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
1, isiphumo sendlela yokudibanisa i-noodles kwi-mastication ye-noodles entsha nemvula
Ukuxutywa kweNodle yinto ephambili kwinkqubo yemveliso ye-noodles emitsha, kunye nezinto ezinjengendlela, ixesha kunye nesantya senhlama yokuxuba i-inhlama [3]. Umgangatho wenkqubo yokuxuba unomhlanganiso chaphaza ngqo umgangatho wenkqubo elandelayo kunye nemveliso yokugqibela [2]. Izixhobo eziphambili ngumatshini wokudibanisa unomatho.
Umxube we-vacuum womgubo ngumxube ongumgubo ogulileyo we-Advar kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwe-vacuum lugcinwa kumxube womgubo, ukufudumeza komgubo kuyathintelwa. Kwangelo xesha, amanzi anetyiwa atshizwe kwimo ephosakeleyo phantsi koxinzelelo olungalunganga, kwaye amanzi etyuwa kunye nomgubo adityanisiweyo kwaye adityaniswe ngokupheleleyo. Iprotein kumgubo ocoliweyo ingayifumana ngokupheleleyo amanzi ngexesha elifutshane. Isixa samanzi esongezwe sinokuba yi-46% okanye ngaphezulu, esenza inethiwekhi ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN, esenza ii-noodles ngakumbi i-elastic [2].
Yindoda let al. . Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukwanda kwe-vacuum, iimpawu ze-noodles ze-noodles ezimanzi zaphucuka kakhulu (P> 0.05), kodwa xa i-vacuum yayingamahlwempu. Xa i-vacuum yayiyi-0.06 MPA, i-noodles enemithi emitsha ibonise ezona mpawu zibalaseleyo.
Ukongeza, iziphumo ze-Skenan microscopy ibonise ukuba i-vacuum kunye ne-noodle zibangela isakhiwo esiqhubekayo kunye ne-compact ye-noodles emanzi. Ngokucacileyo, uphando lwabo lubonisa ukuba ukuxuba kolwandle kuphucula ubulukhuni be-noodles emitsha emazantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ngaloo ndlela kuphucule i-noodles kunye nokuhlakulela ii-noodles ezincinci.
Iziphumo zefomula eyahlukeneyo ekuhambeni kwe-noodles emanzi
1, isiphumo sokutya kokutya kwi-fuwyles ye-noodles emanzi
Okwangoku, izongezelelo zokutya ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yokutya, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iindidi ezingama-23 zokutya ezikhoyo eTshayina, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zafikelela ku-2000, kwaye ukusetyenziswa konyaka wonke ngonyaka [6]. Iikopinitives ezichaphazelekayo kwi-NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOWAN zibandakanya i-gluten yokuphucula i-gluten kunye namalungiselelo e-enzyme (ezinje nge-α- amylase), njl.
.
Amandla enhlama emanzi achaphazele ngokuthe ngqo kuchaphazela ukucocwa kwakhe ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. I-Gluten Ukuphuculwa luhlobo lwesongezo lokutya ezinokuthi zidityaniswe neproteni ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-gluten kunye nokugcinwa kwegesi. Ke ngoko, i-gluten yokuphucula iluncedo ukuphucula ukubetheka kwe-noodles emitsha.
1. I-Gluten Dub
Ingqolowa gluten, ekwabizwa ngokuba yigluten esebenzayo, yimveliso esebenzayo efunyenwe kwingqolowa ngokomisa, ityumkile kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinyibilikayo zihlanjwa ngamanzi [7]. Amacandelo aphambili omgubo we-gluten i-glutnin kunye neGliadin, enoluvo lwamanzi, i-viscoelity, ukwandiswa kunye nezinye iimpawu. Sisithuba esihle esihle, sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yesonka, i-noodle kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinomgubo.
Niu Qiaojuan et al. . I-WU YAY [9] uthelekisa iziphumo ze-gluten, ityuwa kunye ne-guntan gim kumgangatho wengqolowa yengqolowa kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa emnyama yengqolowa.
Uphando luka-Wu yang lufunyenwe ukuba inethi ye-gluten eyenziwe phakathi kwe-gluten kunye nomgubo wengqolowa unokuyiphucula kakhulu uzinzo kumphezulu omanzi omanzi. Xa isixa se-gluten songezelelo yi-1.5% ~ 2.5%, umxholo weprotheyini kunye nokuvavanywa kwemvakalelo yomgangatho omanzi omanzi kuphuculwe kakhulu, ubukhulu becala malunga nobubi kunye ne-elasticity.
Ke ngoko, inani elifanelekileyo lomgubo we-gluten onokuphucula umgangatho wee-noodles ezimanzi ezimanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ukuze ii-noodles ezincinci zibonisa ukuba ngcono ukuhlakulela.
I-2. I-Cassava i-Starch Starch, iSodium Alligium
Isitatshi seCassava esilungisiweyo sinokufumaneka ngokuguqulwa, kwaye sinokusetyenziswa njenge-tickener, i-stabilizer, iarhente yokugcina amanzi, iarhente yokwanda, njl. Njl. Kwishishini lokutya.
I-Sodium Allium yi-antion polysacchaaccharide ekhutshwe kwiKelp okanye kwi-sheashetail ye-brown algae. Imolekyuli yayo iqulathwe yi-β- d-mannuronic acid (β- dmannuronic, m) kunye ne-α- l-guluouououir acid (α- L-Guluornic) ixhunyiwe ngokucinezela (10]. Isisombululo se-ACDINAUS SODIMINATH sine-viscofity ephezulu kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa njenge-thi churner, i-sticker, i-mulsifier, njl njl. Yokutya.
I-Mao Rujung [11] yathatha umgubo omanzi omanzi njengento yophando, kwaye ifunde imiphumo yeendlela ezintathu ezisemgangathweni njenge-cassava eguqulweyo, i-sodium ye-cangic kunye ne-gluten kwiimpawu zomgubo ocoliweyo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa umxholo we-Classarid Cassava yayingu-0.5%, i-sodium, i-sodium i-0.4% kwaye i-gluten yayine-4%, ii-noodles ezitsha zazineempawu ezintle. Eyona nto isebenzayo kukuba ukufakwa kwamanzi kwe-noodles ezimanzi kuncipha, ngelixa ubukhali, ubunzima kunye nokuhlakulelwa kwaphuculwa.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-Gluten ye-Gluten ye-Gluten (isitatshi esiguquliweyo esiguquliweyo, i-sodium ye-sodium kunye ne-gluten) iphucule ukucocwa kwe-noodles emanzi kangako.
.
Zisekwe kwiipropathi ze-AMYLAse, i-shi yanjpei et al. . Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba: α- ulwando lwexabiso le-amylase yongeze, ngakumbi xa i-α- xa isixa se-noodles esinemithi esinemithi kakhulu sayinceda ukuphucula i-noodles ye-noodles emitsha.
I-2, isiphumo se-chestnut powder ye-Chechnut powder kwi-fuwdes ye-noodles emitsha
Isifuba sinemisebenzi emininzi yezempilo. Inezityebi ezityebileyo ezingenathambile ze-acids, ezinokulawula ii-lipid zegazi. Kubantu abanoxinzelelo lwe-hyperterension kunye nesifo sentliziyo ye-coronary, kukutya okuhle [13]. Njengokuthintelwa komgubo wengqolowa, i-chestnut yomgubo ocoliweyo ikakhulu ye-carbohydrate entsokothileyo, eneempawu ze-glycemic ye-glycemic, i-gluten yasimahla, umxholo weproteni ye-14].
Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo somgubo wesifuba esiphiwo kwifomula ye-noodles emanzi angenakuphela kuphela iintlobo ze-noodles ezimanzi, kodwa nazo zandisa ixabiso lesondlo le-noodles enesondlo.
Li yong et al. [15] Wenza iimvavanyo zophando kwifuthe lomgubo osisifuba kumgangatho we-noodles omnyama. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ubunzima, ukucukuceza kunye nonamatheko olwahluleka kuqala kwaye emva koko kuncitshiswe ngokunyuka kwe-chestnut powder ye-chestnut powder iyongeza i-20%, iimpawu zayo zokubhaliweyo zifikelela phambili.
Ukongeza, li yong et al. . Iziphumo zibonise ukuba: Isiqu sesitayile sipheleleyo kunye nesitayile esigayiweyo somvuzo omtsha kwaye sinamanzi esifubeni kunye nokongezwa komgubo wesifuba esiphezulu sonyuselo lwe-chestnut omnyama. Ukongezwa komgubo wesifuba opheleleyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukugaya isitatshi kunye nesalathiso seswekile (i-GI) ye-ChestNut eNtsha kunye nemanzi. Xa ukongezwa komgubo we-chestnut ophezulu kugqitha kwi-20%, inokutshintsha umgubo ocothayo omanzi wengqolowa ukusuka kukutya okuphezulu kwe-sub (i-EGI> 75) ukuya kwi-Medium Fit (55
Ngokubanzi, isixa esifanelekileyo se-chestnut powder ekhuselekileyo inokuphucula ukubetheka kwe-noodles emitsha kwaye inciphise i-staches yokugaya kunye nesalathiso seswekile se-noodles esitsha.
Ifuthe lomgubo kwi-fucod ye-noodles emitsha
.
Umgubo wengqolowa yesona sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu eluhlaza Umgubo wengqolowa onomgubo owohlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu becala (okwaziwa ngokuba ngumgubo) unokufumaneka ngokucoca, ukugqobhoza, kodwa ukupakisha kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kodwa i-Slag kunye nenkqubo yokuGcina iya kubangela ukonakala kwesakhiwo [18].
Ubungakanani beenkozo komgubo wengqolowa yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho womgubo ocoliweyo omtsha, kwaye ubungakanani beenkozo zomgubo buxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni ngokuchanekileyo.
Qi jing et al. [19] Ukufundisisa kwaye kuvavanywa ukuthungwa, iimvakalelo, ezibonakalayo kunye nekhemikhali yomgubo omanzi owenziweyo owenziwe kumgubo onabasebenzi obahlukileyo. Iziphumo zophando zempawu zalo zibonisa ukuba ubunzima, i-elasticy, ukuhlambela, ukushenxisa kunye nokuqina komgubo wamanzi owenziweyo, ngakumbi iimpawu ezinomgubo owenziwe nge-160 ~ ~ fish fikelela phambili.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ubungakanani beenkozo zomgubo wengqolowa baba nempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu ze-noodles ezincinci, ezichaphazele kakhulu i-noodles emitsha.
.
Unyango olufanelekileyo lomgubo owomileyo alunakunciphisa kuphela umxholo womswakama kumgubo, bulala i-microorganisms kunye namaqanda omgubo, kodwa nako ukwenzela umgubo [20]. Ezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela iimpawu zokwenza umgubo yiproteni ye-gluten protein kunye neemolekyuli zesitasha kumgubo. Unyango lobushushu owomileyo luya kudlala i-Pluten, ngaloo ndlela ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo kwiimpawu zokucofa [21].
I-Wang Zehuzhong [22] ifundwe kwaye ivavanye ii-noodles ezintsha kwaye ezinamanzi ezenziwe kumgubo owomileyo kunye nobushushu ophathwayo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezomileyo kunye nomgubo ophathwayo unokuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokuhlatyiswa kwe-noodles entsha nemvula, kwaye unciphise i-noodles entsha nemvula. Ubunzima bayo kunye nokuhlakulela kufikelele kwi-120 ℃, kwaye olona xesha lobushushu obuhle kakhulu kangangemizuzu engama-60, olona xesha lokunyanga ubushushu lwe-30. Oku kungqina ukuba ukucocwa komgubo omtsha kwaye omanzi uphuculwe ngumgubo owomileyo wobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.
4, ifuthe le-yogurt kwi-fuwsis ye-noodles emitsha
I-Yoghurt luhlobo lwemveliso ye-curd eveliswe kukubiwa kunye nokulima i-bacteria ye-lactic acid acid. Inencasa entle, ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo, ukugaya okulula kunye nokuthathwa, kwaye kunokuphucula i-flostinal flora kunye nokulawula umsebenzi [23].
I-Yoghurt ayizigcinanga zonke izondlo zobisi olutsha, kodwa zinokuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeevithamini eziyimfuneko ukuze zisonjwe isondlo soluntu ngexesha lokubiyela, njengevithamini B1, ivithamini B2 kunye nevithamini B6. Ngenxa yokubongwa kwe-lactic ye-lactic bacteria, ngelixa iphucula izakha-mzimba, ikwavelisa ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo zomzimba, ezinokulawula kakhulu imisebenzi yomzimba [24].
I-LI Zhen et al. [25] Ukufundwa ngokutsha ukusetyenziswa kwe-yoghurt kwi-noodles enamanzi amatsha, kwaye wenze uhlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwii-noodles ezimanzi ongezelelweyo nge-yoghurt. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukwanda kwenani le-Yoghurt yongeza, ubushushu kunye nokudubula kwe-noodles ezinamanzi amatsha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuthe ngcembe besiya kuncipha. Ubunzima kunye nokuhlakulela ii-noodles zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo nokungcapha kwee-noodles. Ii-noodles ezinamagqabantshintshi amakhulu anamandla anamandla kwaye akhululeka ngakumbi [26].
Bahlaziya ukuba utshintsho lunokubangelwa kwezi zizathu zibini zilandelayo:
Okokuqala, ngokunyuka kwenani le-yogathi, ubungakanani bamanzi ongezelelweyo kwi-noodles ezinamanzi ezimanzi ngokuthe ngcembe beyikhulisa, kwaye umxholo wamanzi ophantsi uya kubangela ukuba inhlama ibe nzima, ke ubunzima bezona zine zona ziyakhula;
Okwesibini, i-viscosity ye-noodles emitsha ibonisa ubumbeko lomphezulu we-noodles omnyama. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo, amasuntswana amaninzi aqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu we-noodles emitsha, kunye nezinto ezininzi zeza isuphu ngexesha lokupheka.
I-viscosity ye-noodles ezimanzi ezinamanzi inciphile kakhulu emva kongeza i-yogat, ebonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-noodles ye-noodles kwaye kunciphisa izithuba ze-yogart kunciphise i-noodles yokupheka ye-noodles emitsha;
Iproteyini kwi-yogwil ixhamla iprotein kumgubo, kwaye amanqatha aqulunqe i-noodles ephucukileyo iphucula amandla e-noodles omnyama kunye nokuphucula incasa ye-noodles emitsha [25]. Ke ngoko, i-yogart iphucule ukubetheka kwee-noodles ezimanzi ezimanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ukunika abantu ukungcamla i-noodles enamanzi amatsha.
Njengama-noodles omnyama omanzi kwaye athandwa kakhulu ngabathengi, abantu bahlawula ngakumbi kwaye baqwalasele ngakumbi ukungcamla kwe-noodles emitsha. Izifundo zamva nje zibonisa ukuba kusekho ezinye iintsilelo kumgangatho we-noodles ezimanzi, ngakumbi ekuphuculeni u-Nodles omnyama wamanzi. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuphucula ukubetheka, ukungcamla kunye nexabiso lesondlo le-noodles elinamanzi elinamanzi ukusuka kwimiba yetekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili kunye nendlela yokuphuculwa kwendlela esemoyeni kuseyikhombano engakumbi.
Ixesha lePosi: I-NoV-25 ukuya kwi-2022